A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry Essay -- A Raisin in the S

A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, has often been dubbed a black tactic by critics since its debut on Broadway in 1959. This label has been reasonably delegate considering the play has a cast that consists primarily of African American actors however, when looking beyond the surface of this play and the color of the author and characters, one can see that A Raisin in the Sun actually transcends the boundaries of racial labels through the universal personalities assigned to each character and the realistic family situations that continue to evolve throughout the storyline. As seen when comparing A Raisin in the Sun to The Rich Brother, a story for which the characters view no label of race, many commonalities can be found between the characters personalities and their beliefs. Such similarities prove that A Raisin in the Sun is not merely a play intended to appeal only to the black community, nor should it be construed as a story about the plights of the black race alone, b ut instead should be recognized as a play about the struggles that all families, regardless of race, must endure in regard to their diversity and financial disparity. A pithy introduction and excellent writingWritten by Lorraine Hansberry, the first African American woman to have ever had a play produced on Broadway, A Raisin in the Sun tells the tale of a financially struggling black family living in a run down, bug infested apartment on doughs Southside. In great contrast to these particular aspects of Raisin, Tobias Wolff, a well known, modern day Caucasian writer of short stories, tells of a different lifestyle in his story, The Rich Brother, in which he depicts the life of two brothers, one having prospered financially and the othe... ...Miller, Jordan Y. Lorraine Hansberry. The Black American Writer Poetry and Drama, II. Student Resource Center. Gale gathering Databases. Collin County biotic community College Library, Plano TX. 28 February 2011 .Overview of Lorrain (Vivi an) Hansberry. Discovering Authors. (1999). Student Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. Collin County Community College Library, Plano TX. 28 February 2011 .Weales, Gerald. Thought on A Raisin in the Sun. Commentary. 27.6 (June, 1959). Student Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. Collin County Community College Library, Plano TX. 28 February 2011 .Wolff, Tobias. The Rich Brother. Making Literature Matter. Ed. John Clifford and John Schilb. 2nd Ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2003. 391 403.

Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

JULIUS CAESARWilliam Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. During his time, he wrote and established many picnics. Although he lived about 400 years ago, his themes still ca-ca proven their universality today. A good modelling of this is in the play, Julius Caesar. One of the themes in this play is that there are many methods of manipulation, that persuade and influence throng into a certain direction, sometimes too quickly, without thought.Shakespeare distorts the views of people to show that commoners or plebeians in the play, tend to change their minds without thought or consideration. An example of that occurs in the play within the beginning on a street in Rome. The Romans are gathered to celebrate two events, the religious festival of Lupercal and the recent victory of Julius Caesar. We suffice a holiday to see Caesar and to rejoice in his triumph, says a cobbler, whom like most commoners had once back up Pompey. The commoners have since changed their views toward Caesar, now that he holds the power. Another example occurs later in the play. Brutus has just convinced the commoners that what the conspirators did was only out of their love for Rome. One commoner says, we are blest that Rome is rid of him, referring to Caesar which statement is supported by the rest of the crowd. Once again, the hearts of the commoners quickly changes again once Antony gives his speech. After he finishes, the commoners run through the streets noting and searching to kill the once fundamentonised conspirators. This still applies today. For example Bill Clinton was a fairly respected and admired president, until the world discovered about his mistress. Because of this, voters and people in office have changed their views so quickly, we have lost sight that, disregarding his personal affairs, Clinton has actually been a good president.Shakespeare shows that the commoners change their minds too quickly, he also shows that methods of manipulation, such as ridicule, can ch ange the views of people. Ridicule is used to persuade Casca to join the conspiracy, Cassius says, so vile a thing as Caesar But O grief, where hast thou led me? I perhaps speak this before a willing Bondman Considering that Casca doesnt like the idea of being a subject to Caesar, he immediately becomes offended and joins the conspiracy. Another example is the first scene of the play. Marullus says to the commoners whom no longer worship Pompey, You blocks of stones, you worse than senseless things to try and influence them to stay loyal to the great Pompey.

Ted Hughes Crow: From the Life and Songs of the Crow Essay -- Crow Fr

Social Issues and Creation Stories in Ted Hughes Crow From the Life and Songs of the Crow in that location are many mythological stories that exist in this age. Within these different myths, there are many answers to how our world was created. Yet, one must become open-minded to other myths that do not necessarily discuss creation Crow From the Life and Songs of the Crow can be seen to fall into this category. This collection of Ted Hughes poetry is intertwined with favorable issues and creation stories. Throughout this collection, the poems not only involve Classical and Christian related ideas they also include several twentieth century advancements. The myths that Hughes creates have the important character as the crow. In the book Myth in the song of Ted Hughes, Hirschberg gives a brief statement of how crows are viewed in different mythologies, In federation of tribes mythology the crow is an animal figure predominantly associated with the twin motifs of death and guilt, a stark figure who embodies boldness, intelligence, adaptability to change and a twisted vitality (126). This description is widely evident throughout Ted Hughes collection. Crow goes through many phases and meditations. Among the topics found in Crow are views of religion, human actions, and destruction. Throughout Crow, there are many references to Christianity. Yet, in each poem that includes this topic, the skipper stories are altered to give a new style of myth. A Childish Prank is one of the poems that Hughes begins altering the original biblical references. A Childish Prank is a poem about a malicious trick that Crow plays on Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden. This poem is about Adam and Eve l... ...en though we hear ideas from different sources, we must still make our own interpretations. Crow is a gravid mythology that has unique parallels with society and human struggles. A mythology is meant to relate to people, and give them warnings and answers. Through looking at the religious, emotional, and destructive implications in the collection, we see that it is a mythology thus, if we are open-minded enough to study and accept other mythologies, why not accept the life, songs, and philosophy of Crow as well? Works Cited Hirschberg, Stuart. Myth in the Poetry of Ted HughesA guide to the poems . Totowa, New Jersey Barnes and Noble, 1981. Hughes, Ted. Crow From the Life and Songs of the Crow. New York Harper and Row, 1971. Scigaj, Leonard M. The Poetry of Ted Hughes Form and Imagination. Iowa City, Iowa U of Iowa P, 1986.

The Temptation of St. Pigsy, final paper :: essays research papers

Cacophonous Interpretations of theBuddhism is one of the prominent and influential religions and philosophies of the world. A basic tenet of Buddhism is that worldly desires and possessions feature all suffering. To absolve ones self of necessities beyond basic human survival is one of the many plateaus that Buddhists strive to achieve. Furthermore, Buddhists free themselves from temptation via loneliness from society and attempt to allow nature to support them. They believe that Nirvana, the ascension to heaven, can be achieved by freeing oneself of earthly desires.A young prince named Siddartha, who grew up rich and happy, founded the religion. One day during his travels, he saw three things that immensely impressed him, to the point of changing his whole life a cadaver, a sister being born and a beggar. Through this experience he concluded that human suffering is caused by the desire to possess that the sacredness of human life was tarnished by material wants, and by possessio ns that could so easily be taken away from their owner. The beggar was poor because the rich did not provide him with the basic necessities or because he spent his time doing things that prevented him from supporting himself. The cadavers death could cast been prevented depending on the cause of death in many different ways, and the infant, being brought into the world, was to have a life of poverty due to the fact that his mother and father gave in to the natural, worldly desire of sexual intercourse.Throughout history, many works of literature have been written about these notions. Saint Pigsey, the main character in Wu Cheng-ens The Temptation of Saint Pigsy, is a demonstration of the difficulties encountered on the road to the consummation of Buddhist Salvation.Pigsy is a disciple of the Buddhist master Tripitaka. Tripitaka, Pigsy and two other disciples, Monkey and Sandy, were on their way to the West. Pigsy still has worldly desires he is carrying a double baggage which co ntains possessions which he deems necessary for his comfort, but bitterly complaining because of its weight, and seeks to stop at a comfortable estate to sleep. Any person who is new to a religion experiences temptations to break its rules. This was one of those times for Pigsy and he insisted that the group stop there. Monkey and the others come along but proclaim that nature is their home and that the put forward is a symbol of human desire.

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

condition Twains volume Huckleberry Finn is an enjoyable book to read. Mark Twain is an excellent writer, and makes the book humorous, and attention catching, at the same time, it is teaching about important issues or slavery and educating on unhappy family situations. Huckleberry Finn is a classic. One of the first ways in which it is a classic is how it addresses issues of society. It shows the differences between classes, between the blacks and the whites. It shows Jims struggle for freedom, and the little white boy who doesnt bed anything better than to help him. While all of the white culture is looking down on blacks, one white person, not knowing the seriousness of what he is doing, is willing to help Jim gain his freedom.An other(a) way that this book is obviously a classic is how the people in it and their troubles are open to the readers. Huck himself seems to ready his share of problems. In the beginning of this book, he is living with two older ladies, he doesnt enjo y that, and the reader becomes well aware of that. One of the other problems that he has is with his father. His father is just using him for the money that he has and beats him regularly, and then kidnaps him, just for spite, not because he loves him, and one of the other problems that he has is difficult to free Jim and to do what he feels is right. Jim has his own share of problems, and they are also open to the reader, because that is what the book is mostly about, freeing Jim and all the situations that take place during that. In this book, most of the characters problems are open to the reader, because without them, the book would have very little twists and turns of plot. A way that this book shows that it is a classic is that the work is original. This is very true. Mark Twain has his own writing style. It is unlike any other. Twain is a good storyteller, and appears to enjoy that. His storytelling style is different from others in that he attacks difficult issues done his stories. He writes about slavery and freedom from a neutral vantage point. Most of the other writers of his day and age wouldnt dare to discuss finespun topics like that, yet Twain chose to do that, and he did it well.

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Mark twos book Huckleberry Finn is an enjoyable book to read. Mark Twain is an excellent writer, and makes the book humorous, and attention catching, at the same time, it is teaching virtually important issues or slavery and educating on unhappy family situations. Huckleberry Finn is a classic. One of the low gear ways in which it is a classic is how it addresses issues of society. It shows the differences between classes, between the blacks and the whites. It shows Jims struggle for freedom, and the little white boy who doesnt know anything better than to suspensor him. While all of the white culture is looking d confess on blacks, one white person, not knowing the seriousness of what he is doing, is willing to service of process Jim gain his freedom.Another way that this book is obviously a classic is how the people in it and their troubles ar open to the readers. Huck himself seems to have his share of problems. In the beginning of this book, he is living with two older lad ies, he doesnt enjoy that, and the reader becomes well aware of that. One of the other problems that he has is with his go. His father is just using him for the money that he has and beats him regularly, and then kidnaps him, just for spite, not because he loves him, and one of the other problems that he has is trying to free Jim and to do what he feels is right. Jim has his own share of problems, and they are also open to the reader, because that is what the book is mostly about, freeing Jim and all the situations that take place during that. In this book, most of the characters problems are open to the reader, because without them, the book would have very little twists and turns of plot. A way that this book shows that it is a classic is that the work is original. This is very true. Mark Twain has his own writing style. It is unlike any other. Twain is a good storyteller, and appears to enjoy that. His storytelling style is different from others in that he attacks difficult issu es through his stories. He writes about slavery and freedom from a neutral vantage point. Most of the other writers of his day and age wouldnt dare to discuss touchy topics like that, in time Twain chose to do that, and he did it well.

Mahiganting Langit

The poem Mahiganting Langit is from the literary work of Francisco Balagtas entitled Florante at Laura and this was considered as one of the chef-doeuvre on Philippine Literature. Francisco Balagtas wrote several poems but what makes him well-known is the poem Florante at Laura. Florante at Laura is a depiction of the unconditional love between two the great unwashed despite of all the problematicalship given by the situation.The selection Mahiganting Langit focuses on the struggle of Florante in trying to explain the agony he experienced in pursuing his love to Laura. It shows the detailed of his sufferings to the point that he started questioning forces above. The entire stanzas in the selected poem I find it interesting but what I ilk the most on the poem Mahiganting Langit is, Bakit Kalangitay bingi Ka sa akin?Ang tapat kong luhog ay hindi mo dinggin? di yatat sa isang alipustat iling sampung tainga moy ipinangunguling?I interpreted this as Florantes questioning of why his gri evances in life cannot be heard. As shown in the stanza Florantes having a doubt on the goodness of deity. He considered the situation befallen upon him as a direct ill-treated by the God. And God not even pay attention to his plea. This particular stanza can happen to anyone most of the time that we felt that there is no one is listening to us not even God. When we are having hard times in life we always tend to ask why. We question why God is doing this to us not thinking that God give us challenges to be a strong person and God dont give us test for us not to overcome.For my reaction about the given poem, though the fact that it is written in our native language but still its very hard to comprehend the thought conveyed by the author. Nevertheless, having it read a couple of times the meaning of every stanza starts to become clearer, on this point a person course session it will understand and relay it to the current situation especially when it comes to real life love scenario, this characteristic of the poem made by the author make me the most.

My Study Plan for Korean Language

A. Study plans to improve foreign deliverys(Korean, face, etc) required for taking a bachelors degree course BEFORE and AFTER you bed to Korea. Before coming to Korea Ive always been interested in foreign languages such as Japanese and Korean deflection from side . I taught myself a practised amount of Korean and a basic Japanese , alike . It was hard for me because there werent enough time due to my school schedule and there werent any language institutes here that my family hatful afford either. I taught myself Korean using sites like Korean101. om , TalkToMeInKorean. com , HaruKorean. com and busyatom. com . These sites serviceed me improving my Koren and I plan to continue using them more frequently if I get accepted . Aside from these sites , I picked up a lot of my Korean just by ceremonial occasion side of meat Subbed Korean shows and dramas . It was both socialize , fun and educational too As for English I have been developing it ever since I was 9 years old , ev en beforehand evolveing it in school I was mesmerized by this amazing language And as my curiosity grew , my desire to master this language grew too I had a very good coverground before learning it in school . In my class I was always ahead of my classmates in English because I loved it . After 2 years I started making friends with other American girls and that improved my skills . Movies , novels and websites , It all helped me to speak English fluently aside from what I was learning in school . My family wasnt financially able to get me a seat in a language institute , which is why I havent done the TOFEL exam yet .Still I managed to teach myself . That vexs me confident that if I get chosen for the scholarship and learn Korean and in an institute Ill be able to achieve more If I get chosen Id sink the whole year subjecting as much as I can . Since I managed to teach myself English even though I was busy with school , exams and home works , Im confident & 100% sure that if I spend a whole Year analyse Korean and focusing on Korean Ill master Korean and learn very well . I would act what I learn as I interact with citizenry .I would learn outside the institute using the websites that I mentioned above to rich my Korean and my English at the same time . Ill make use of every situation , every second starting from my arrival since all Ill have to do is study the language Ive always yearned to learn for a long time and soak in whatever I can get my hands , ears and eyes on It just cant get any better . It has always been my dream to speak Korean fluently and more than that , Ive always dreamed of having Korean friends and living in Korea .I even wish that Ill be allowed to do volunteering in Korea & I really hope to get approval of my request and be able to pay back to the Korean community and get close to its people whether its elders , children or anything I absolutely want to do it , please help me fulfill this request too . I know that its too much to ask but I really want to volunteer . I wish that my Korean forget help me earn Korean friends . Id be honored if I get accepted by them and Ill be really thankful if they teach me about their coun test , traditions and ethics .I hope that I can be good enough to get close to them and be worthy enough to learn from them . Im always willing to try and willing to learn . Having a chance to become a step closer to my dreams , whos crazy enough to mess such an opportunity Aside from Korean I want to improve my English . As I taught myself Korean and some Japanese , I came to find my English improving gradually . When watching Korean media ( drama , shows .. ect) I learn new vocabularies in the English subs and after I translate them , I learn the Korean version of the wrangle .In my first year Ill focus on Korean but I wont forget my English either . Ill make sure to double the educational avail of the scholarship that Ill receive . If Ill be given the chance to Learn Korean , Ill make sure to get the best of what I have and double it up and improve my English and after that Im having a new language Japanese . If I was given the chance to receive a good education Ill make it double and gain not only education and knowledge , Ill learn experience from everyone around me .I will make friends with new people thatll be studying Korean with me . Practice both Korean and English with them & exchange culture with them ,too . As I progress in Korean Ill keep up with English . Im planning on saving up from my allowance or working part time job to be able to pay for the TOFEL and perform the exam , Since Ive never been able to do so because I didnt have money . This is only the beginning for me . I want to learn Japanese , Italian , french and Spanish too . That way Ill be able to contact other people. If you trounce to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart . said Nelson Mandela As a person whos constantly fascinated by languages . I guess that a human being is on a journey of learning as long as hes breathing & never too old to learn . Theres just so much to learn from everyone in this world by learning new languages I want to get in touch with its people and their minds , their culture and experiences My curiosity of the teachings other people carry around the world , fuels my desire to speak their language which will inspire me in my works and enlighten my life and my mind . I believe in myself and in my abilities & Im yearning for attention , care and support . I know that if I live in a constructive , educational environs itll help me sharpen my skills and be a productive promising talent . If I get the chance to be a KGSP student , I will work hard to prove that you chose the right student and do my best in order to achieve that.

Juvenile Justice System

The juvenile justice arrangement and parents across America struggle on a day-to-day basis with their children and substance abuse. It is utter that four out of every five children arrested within the system are under the influence of a substance (alcohol or drugs) when committing the crimes that forced them to be detained and arrested (Alcoholism. about. com, 2010). It is account within the textbook that seventy-three percent of high school seniors had used alcohol within the past year, which makes the possibility of teenagers entering the juvenile justice system even higher (Siegel & Welsh, 2009).It is alike believed that we as a society, does not provide the adequate support to those youth that are using controlled substances which could in turn dissolvent in a more positive outcome, versus a decline in their behavior from initial arrest (Alcholism. about. com, 2010). This is a very true secernatement because in 2009, the SAMSHA reported that 374,000 citizens were treated fo r substance abuse between the ages of eighteen to twenty-four that does not include the amount of individuals who did not seek avail and those that were even younger.It also does not tell the story about how galore(postnominal) of those individuals started using controlled substances at an earlier age as a juvenile (Substance Abuse and Mental health Services Administration, n. d. ). According to Joseph Califano, Jr. , we are writing of the younger Americans by releasing them back into society without at executeing to their substance abuse needs (Alcholism. about. com, 2010). As an American, it is notable that social status plays a vital role in why juveniles embark into the realm of substance abuse.When children arent accepted by their peers, they tend to lash out and try things to make their peers accept them, or hide in a corner and not seek any help because they destiny to be left alone (Siegel & Welsh, 2009). Social disorganization plays another vital role in why juveniles r esort to substance abuse. Because the United States has so many different juvenile justices systems, it is hard to be held accountable for the different practices taking place, and the fact that non of the practices are helping one hundred percent of the time is out of the question (Alcoholism. bout. com, 2010). Many juveniles fall into the system, and because there is limited help for them within their state/system, they become long time offenders and turn their adult careers into offending and spend the absolute majority of their lives in adult prison institutions (Alcoholism. about. com, 2010). It is estimated that if provided the proper treatment, juvenile course could save a whopping $14 Billion per year (Alcoholism. about. om, 2010), but it is up to the state and local governments to put the time, efforts and resources into the system to help rehabilitate the youth while they are young, because at some point, the rehabilitation slows or stops completely. It is and ever has been troublesome to judge whether punishing juveniles was more acceptable than rehabilitating them, but numbers in the state of California has declined to show that rehabilitating is the most viable option to release the seam on our justice system and over crowding in prisons (Mellon, 2008).At times, the most viable option is not the best, but in this situation, it is believed that if you truly want to help youth and keep them on the path of becoming responsible citizens, it is very much necessary to rehabilitate them and coach them early in their childhoods. If we wait until aft(prenominal) they commit a crime and become a reactive society, the numbers will blossom into a flower that does not glorify our country.Adults who commit gaga crimes that are not first time offenders, they generally had a record as a juvenile that was never addressed and rehabilitated (Deitch, Barstow, Lukens, & Reyna, n. d. ). Although rehabilitation is not always the answer, it can definitely help sol ve the equation. Alcoholism. about. com. , (2010). Most Juvenile Offenders use Drugs, Alcohol. Retrieved February 6, 2012, from http//alcoholism. about. com/od/teens/a/blcasa041007. htm Deitch, M. , Barstow, A. , Lukens, L. Reyna, R. , (n. d. ). From Time Out to Hard Time Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System. Retrieved February 6, 2012 from http//www. utexas. edu/lbj/archive/news/images/file/From%20Time%20Out%20to%20Hard%20Time-revised%20final. pdf Mellen, G. , (2008). A Historic Struggle Punishment or Rehabilitation. Retrieved February 6, 2012, from http//www. presstelegram. com/justice/ci_9327709 Siegel, L. J, & Welsh, B. C. , (2009). Juvenile Delinquency Theory, trust and Law. California.

Developing Early Warning System for Peace and Security in Nigeria Essay

1. Brief Demographic Background of NigeriaThe demographic characteristics of Nigeria set the platform for an understanding of the result for troth based National early warning ashes. A historical analysis of major battles in Nigeria since independence points to strong linkages to its demographic composition. It has been unarguably regarded as the most populous country in the Africa and withal accounts for half of the entire population of westward Africa. The last census exercise in 2007 conducted by the Nigeria race Commision (NPC) put the countrys population at over 140 million.(NPC, 2006).Politically, it practices a three tier federal system of administration comprising the Federal, State and local anesthetic Government Councils which implies relative levels of autonomy in governance as well as oversight and control which some(prenominal) political analyst has attributed as a mixture of British Parliamentary and U.S Presidential system of governance. It has 36 states wit h a Federal Capital Territory at Abuja. These are further sub-divided into 774 semi-autonomous local government councils. For political and economic exigencies of governance and development, it is segregated into what is referred to as six geo political zones which include the North Central, North East, North West, southwestward East, South South and South West.With over 240 ethnic groups spread across the country, the challenges of representation, equity in political representation as well as economic accessibility has been the bedrock of many diverse negates in the country. This is further complicated by the heterogeneous mixture of Christian and Muslim religion greatly polarised between the Christian south and Muslim Northern theatrical role. (op cit.)The population of traditional religion is sparsely located across the six geo-political zones of the country.Despite the immense rich natural alternatives in the country, crude crude oil located at the south south, south east a nd south west geo political zones of the country remain the major revenue source for the country and also the major source of various causative factors of conflict in Nigeria which has led to its reference in many social science research cycles as the resource curse to the extent that the country is now considered one of the 20 poorest countries in the world. Over 70% of the population is classified as poor, with 35 percent financial support in absolute poverty. This is especially severe in rural areas, where social services are limited or non existent.2. The Peace and Security Dimension in NigeriaIn contrast, Nigerias complex political, socio-cultural and economic diversity has been a source of varied and multiple levels of conflicts and human-centred crises with implication to sustainable peace, security and development inside the country and the West Africa sub region. A retrospection of these conflicts highlights six basic conflict types that micturate pervaded the country in the last two decades. These include common conflicts, chieftaincy conflicts, ethno-religious conflicts, oil related conflicts, election related conflicts and agro-pastoralist conflicts.These conflicts are the outcome of the deep rooted causal factors of poverty, poor/bad governance and inequitable dispersal of resources and development across the country. Between 1999 to 2010 for instance there has been an estimated death of 14,000 people from various levels of these conflicts across the country and about 750,000 850,000 Internally displaced persons.(Internal Displacement Monitoring, 2007) Based on the lack of mechanisms to address the root cause of these conflicts, it has continued to reoccur, intensify and impact negatively in Nigerian societies to the extent of creating viscious cycles of violence and complex humanitarian crises. Communities experiencing these conflicts have remained vulnerable and usually face the risks of further conflicts and distablity. Based on the recur rence of these conflicts,the communities have been tagged, flashpoints of conflict, unusually disaggregated across geo political lines or constellations.3. The concept of aboriginal Warning for Peace and SecurityBased on the negative impact of conflicts to development and human security, there is increasing paradigm shift from conflict solving mechanisms regarded as reactive to conflict prevention mechanisms which is seen as more proactive and has the capacity to prevent or mitigate destructive conflict or humanitarian crises globally. As core element of conflict prevention, early warning has increasingly gained prominence, credibility and efficiency as a preventive mechanism and solution to conflicts in societies.By definition, early Warning has been described as a process of communicating judgements about threats early enough for decision-makers to take action to deter any(prenominal) outcome is threatened or failing that, to manage events in such a way that the worst consequen ces are mitigated (WANEP 2008).Dmitrichev Andrei defined it as organisational procedure or mechanism for the structures and systemic collection and analysis of instruction, and the subsequent communication of results of this analysis to policy makers in a form that would be slowly recognized and understood.The recognition and appreciation of the opportunities inherent in this system resulted in the first organised platform for the systematic development of the early warning system led by the Forum on Early Warning and Early reception (F.E.W.E.R.) in 1997 in response to the Rwandan genocide of 1994. It blossomed to become the largest global interlocking of over thirty five (35) organisations across the world that catalysed the creation of the early warning and response networks in the Caucasus (led by EAWARN/Russian Academy of Sciences), Great Lakes region of Africa (led by the Africa Peace Forum) and West Africa(led the West Africa Network for Peacebuilding) WANEP.Further impe tus to the adoption and institutionalisation of the early warning system was boosted by the former Secretary prevalent of the United Nations, Kofi Annan when he stated that, For the United Nations, there is no larger goal, no deeper commitment and no greater ambition than preventing armed conflict. The prevention of conflict begins and ends with the testimonial of human life and the promotion of human development. Ensuring human security is, in the broadest sense, the United Nations cardinal mission. Genuine and lasting prevention is the means to chance upon that mission. (Koffi Annan 2001)This further gave rise to the UN Security Council Resolution 1624 of 2005 with the following core declarations1. Reaffirms the need to adopt a broad strategy of conflict prevention, which addresses the root causes of armed conflict and political social crises in a comprehensive manner, including by promoting sustainable development, poverty eradication, national reconciliation, good governance, democracy, gender equality, the rule of law and respect for and protection of human rights2. Recognises the need to strengthen the authorized role of the United Nations in the prevention of violent conflicts, and to develop effective partnerships between the Council and regional organisations, in special(a) the African Union and its sub regional organisations, in order to enable early responses to disputes and emerging crises3. Affirms the UN commitment in supporting regional and sub regional capacities for early warning to help them in working out appropriate mechanisms to enable prompt action in reaction to early warning indicators4. Recognises the important supporting roles played by elegant company, men and women, in conflict prevention and the need to take into account all possible contributions from civil society5. Supporting regional and sub regional capacities for early warning to help them in working out appropriate mechanisms to enable prompt action in reaction to ear ly warning indicators6. Promote coordination with regional conflict management machinery in Africa which provide the Security Council with additional reliable and timely information to assuage rapid decision-making7. Strengthen the capacities of civil society groups, including womens groups, working to promote a culture of peace, and to mobilise donors to support these efforts(UN 2005)4. Developing Institutional Platform for conflict Early Warning System Reflecting on WANEP-Nigerias ExperienceThe participation and commitment of the West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP) to the FEWER platform strengthened its capacity and pass on skill for civil society based analysis and response mechanisms towards the prevention or mitigation of conflict especially within the great lake region following the post Sierra Leone and Liberian Conflicts of 90s. This deepened its regional expertise as the reference point for early warning system in the West Africa sub region and subsequently the network of choice for the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) in the implementation of the regional based ECOWAS Early Warning and Response Network (ECOWARN). The system principally works through three basic components of reporting/data gathering, analysis and information dissemination utilised to facilitate response to issues of peace and security within the ECOWAS sub region.WANEP became the civil society partner with ECOWAS in the implementation ECOWARN since 2006. As part of the WANEP regional network, WANEP-Nigeria was mandated as the national civil society focal point to report into the online ECOWARN system. Its task was to provide weekly and daily reports to the incidence and situation reporting template as designed into the online system. This was to ease up ECOWARN an up to date civil society perspective of the peace and human security threats and opportunities in Nigeria.With the participation of Nigeria in this process came ominous challenges.1. The first was the force per unit area from the focal points at Lagos secretariat of WANEP-Nigeria to deliver credible reports in relation to the size of Nigeria2. With the size of Nigeria, the focal point concentrated in getting information from national newspapers, television and radioFor the focal points who were staff of WANEP, it was included as part of their job responsibility. They relied on making phone calls to genus Phalluss of WANEP at the state levels for local or peculiar peace and security information that was not reported in the national media. However, these information were reluctantly or half-hazardly given and also apostrophize intensive to the staff as they often bore liability for these calls.This challenge was partially cushioned when ECOWAS resolved to pay reporters communication allowance in 2007/2008. Inspite of this, the feedback from atom organizations providing information at the state level was still half hazard and questionable. To redress this challenge, the program team at the national secretariat organized a brainstorm meeting to develop a framework for a workable national early warning system that not only ensures commitment of member organizations to support the system but also is both functional and cost effective. The first trial system was developed for the Nigeria 2007 elections. An Information, Communication and Technology (I.C.T.) consultant was pursue that worked directly with the program team to capture specific indicators to monitor election related conflicts in what was referred to as the election barometer. The cost of developing the barometer was wholly borne by the secretariat while the election monitoring was performed by staff who volunteered to report into the system as an experiential learning process to enhance their understanding of the EW system.The experience motivated the secretariat to consciously plan for a conflict intervention proposal which includes an aspect of a sustainable/operational national early wa rning system. The submission and approval of the proposal by international partners led WANEP-Nigeria to develop the first locally designed and operated conflict focused National Early Warning system.

Managing communication Essay

The turn exchange system of interpreting mirrors the possibilities of ordinary turn exchanges in each(prenominal) language, Smooth transitions, potential gaps or pauses, and overlapping talk ar all features of turn-taking processes in any language. However, in face-to-face encounters which are interpreted, interpreters actively involve themselves in the ebb and flow of talk Interpreters are an integral part of the exchange process. Speakers cannot know possible transition moments in other languages, nor can they know what pauses are or how turns end. They participate only in their own language.Thus, two turn-taking systems are operating independently of each other while yet another system, chat exchange system, is controlled by an interpreter. All primary participants within any discourse event interact in complex ways. Together, speakers and interpreters create pauses, overlapping talk, and turns. Although speakers attend to the fundamental interaction because of the reasons th at brought them together, interpreters attend to interaction management and make decisions about the discourse process itself. Interpreters are doing more than searching lexical bank, or syntactic rules, to create crystalline utterances and turns.They act on understandings and expectations of the way sociable scenes emerge in interaction, as well as on social and cultural knowledge of the ways of speak within particular situations. Choosing appropriate equivalents depends more on the relative status of the interlocutors and desired outcomes than on grammatical or semantic factors. Some scholars might put forward that the complexity and uniqueness of this event lies merely in the fact that one participant is using linguistic system of different modality (ASL).However, argue that the regularity of linguistic system has very little to do with the nature of interpreting as face-to-face interaction. Pauses, simultaneous talk, and confusion regarding turns exist during interpre ting no emergence which linguistic system is in use. speaker who knows only German cannot know the import or intention of response from speaker who knows only Yoruba ( language of Nigeria) any better just because the languages are spoken and not signed.Interpreters are members of interpreted conversations, involved in creating turn exchanges through their knowledge of the linguistic system, conventions for language use, the social situation, and the discourse structure system. Experienced interpreters, then, are competent bilinguals (or multilingual) who possess knowledge of two (or more) languages and also knowledge of social situations, ways of speaking, and strategies for managing communication. Finally, the interpreter is not solely responsible for either the success of the failure of interpreted interaction.All three participants jointly produce this event, and all three are responsible, in differing degrees, for its communicative success or failure. Accounting for and det ermining the role of different rights and obligations of speakers and how this knowledge influences interpretations is an ongoing discussion that the profession must have. Although interpreters may know and act instinctively on this knowledge, it is my experience that neither practitioners nor students study, practice, talk about, or reflect on decisions about discourse processes, such as turns and overlapping talk.What is missed in not acknowledging or studying this level of knowledge is that experienced interpreters intuitively and successfully interpret the pragmatic meanings of discourse events more often than not, and, subsequently, these situations turn out much as they would if the two primary speakers did speak common language. Although these individual events may turn out successfully, without further research and study, there is not pattern or consensus for didactics interpreting to entering students, for teaching successful strategies, or for competently certifying inte rpreters.

Principles of Democracy Essay

1. Bill of RightsThis document explains guaranteed freedoms to all throng in the country and gives limited power to the government. It protects the people from a government who try to abuse its power.2. Economic FreedomEconomic freedom allows some private bearership of property and businesses. People are allowed to choose their own work and to join labor union.3. EqualityEquality is having all individuals valued equally, have equal opportunities, and no discrimination of their race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. All people are equal before the law and have equal protection of the law without discrimination.4. Human RightsMovement Everyone has the right to move within the borders of their country and to sidetrack and return to his or her country. Religion Everyone has the freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. The people can change their religion or not worship or hold religious beliefs. reference Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expres sion. Assembly Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.5. Multi-Party SystemsA multi-party system allows for organized opposition to the party that wins the election. It provides the government with different viewpoints on issues and provides voters with a choice of candidates, parties, and policies.6. Regular Free and Fair ElectionsElected officials are chosen by the people in a free and fair manner. irrespective of the peoples race, gender, ethnicity, and level of wealth, most adult citizens should have the right to vote and to run for office.7. The Rule of LawNo one is above the law. Everyone mustiness obey the law and will be held accountable if they violate it including a king, president, police officer, or member of the military.

Rich Con

As a president off company, Marty should have concentrated on overall focusing of the company and lead it to meets its strategic goals. Instead, she became intimately involved in integrating the new-sprung(prenominal)born IT presidency which demanded more(prenominal) than 75% of her quantify which she did non plan for. If Sawyer had appointed a board with IT expertise as well as Individuals with industry and process expertise, she could have been moderately involved with the project with more time to spend on the operations of the company.Deliverables from this IT am would then be from survival of an IT system based on Rich-cons need to flawless death penalty of the system and then follow by dint of its effectiveness for a limit of time to make sure It Is working properly for all conditions. Lack of Fit-Gap Analysis The business requirements were non delimitate to the vendor. The vendor did non care to understand the structure of the company, or the IT systems that Ric h-Con already has in place. They were not familiar with the knowledge and expertise of the staff and the expectations of the customers.Marty and Rich-Con Pete for an off-the-shelf computer software package to implement in their organization. The selection process of the new IT system was based on some factors true for metal industries and some generic questions posed by Marty. By doing so, Rich-Con failed to recognize the Incompatibility risk of the replacement IT system. C. Omitting interrogation phases and pilot souse prior to mass deployment of the new IT system Any big change implementation should go through several testing phases with progressive maturity of features.Rich-Con failed to work with their vendor to customize the new system and test it out at multiple phases. They also did not go through a pilot lay down phase to pick up a portion of its operations, rather than forcing the whole operations Into this new system all at once. With test phases and plot launch, emplo yees would nave gotten ten opportunity to test out ten system, whirl important feedback which would have resulted in minimal disruption to overall operations, should something go wrong. D.Insufficient training for transition to the new system Marty Sawyer relied on the vendor to train her employees to learn he new IT system. There was no incentive for the employees to learn this system since they did not understand how their Jobs would change once the new system was in place. The vendor did a very poor Job in offering training since they took a elevate vs.. Pull method to offer help. They waited to be asked questions on features and usage rather than establishing a standard implementation methodology and guide the customer through that.The frustration of Marty showed in her comment, We had people come in and do training. It Just never really took on a life of its own. e. Lack of customization of application software to oblige the need Even though the vendor indicated that they w ould accommodate requests to modify the software, Marty did not take advantage of that. Rich-Con did not get the software tailored to fit its unique needs. In comparison, Marty spent time to configure the software to align with Rich-cons business needs and importing all existing information to its database.Overall, to replace Rich-cons antiquated IT system, Marty took a centralized decision making approach, rather than decentralization it to engage leads from every functional apartment of the organization. She mazed important inputs from different work groups in that process. Other issues that Marty needed to manage simultaneously were to address brotherhood problems, ensure that management of making the newly purchased Round operational, and address the reason of dropping sales figures and the inefficiency of the new management team.All these issues compounded and created a disaster for Rich-cons operations. Question 2 Which CUBIT governance processes might have prevented these p roblems? The CUBIT governance processes that could have prevented these problems lie within Planning and Organizing and Acquiring and Implementing the software implementation process at Rich-Con Steel. Although rake and Support and Monitoring and Evaluation are critical components following the implementation of new software, the problems could have been avoided if the two former processes were defined and followed.

Piracy

Piracy and Copyright Infringement ar major issues that gestate developed through the using up of the Internet and file transfer servers. Developments and advances in these areas over past two decades lose my generation in spite of appearance a mouse click of their destination. However, these opened doors gift been overrun with a large exchange of pirated material. The array issue brings the nations excessive illegal d bearloading of unlicensed products.The trend of previous litigations involving piracy and copyright personas in national courts has ruled against the consumer, and has involved the rewriting of some(prenominal) laws, yet it be causes harder to pinpoint copyright violators as decryption development mimics closely the timeline of security encryption. I feel that it is imperative for al champion packet products to receive a sumptuary license tag, enabling software companies and symphony artists to maintain a living and economic interests. I protest with th e form/process in which these files are distributed, surrendering for piracy of files, rerecording and redistribution.The use of patents began in the early 19th century, and would at last lead to the current system of licensing and copyright of products that tramp be reproduced. These initial patents were intended to allow artists to acquire a living and survive sullen their pieces of artwork. The year 1880 marked an important year for the patent in the shift Diamond versus Chark Barty who were disputing the patent of a single-cell bacterium used in breaking down uncivil oil. The Supreme Court ruled that patents could be granted for this purpose.The main purpose of a patent is to upraise and encourage investors in society to make innovative ways to assist society and economy and go out the inventor with royalties. Patenting is a system that involves product branding or other signs of ownership to provide the general with reliability in invigorated forms of intellectual p roperty, while still protecting the owner/ inventor. Copyrights give authors contend ownership and rights to their inventions during extended period of time, and in most cases flag the under the rights of a solo beneficiary. straight off the act of sharing files promotes global exchange between users.This global networking between countries provides strain solutions that non totally reduces prices on sales and bargain fors, but also allows large companies to make more accurate marketing decisions with document transactions. For the home user architectural plans want Kazaa and Limewire, implement these large peer to peer networks that are hosted on transfer servers, and share files. In developing cases where harmony files and software are being illegally copied, there are always disagreements on what exactly is protected and what is an accredited work.For example, the website Priceline. com has efforted to make patents on their ideas that would seem to be common belie f and non unique, such as trying to patent an auction site with auctions that have reserve prices. in that respectfore, iodine of the more precedent matters is the issue regarding what exactly is intellectual property, and how does music fall under that stance of copyright. Intellectual property can be defined as any creation of human intelligence that is new, unique, and has market value. Copyright places limits on use of speech, print, and performance.This idea of intellectual property is not common knowledge to most stack who compile large networks. It is evident that not all people realize the implications of appropriateing files and copying music. Many defend piracy as a form of procession of software, which would have otherwise been ignored by certain consumers that never buy certain software in the first place. Most software copies are shared because their users dont think of lending software or lending music as a crime, or at least not one taken seriously. Of course t he elimination of digital songs/sources would not hold up.On a business level online trade, exchange, and purchase lowers transaction costs significantly, and for the music business actually makes up a big part of their rest buyers. One of the main differences between piracy of music and software is the fact that newly available applied science today is more advanced and friendly to forms of copying, which allow top quality music between distributively copy and user. In the past, qualities of copied cassettes were not as good or of equal quality and didnt involve the Internet, whereas online and digitized songs are more readily available and easier to simply copy, and then e-mail to a friend. Copying music from a CD to a cassette or to your computer is legal and accepted only because you own the original copy of the CD and the music files are not being used for commercial purposes. The first attempt by a person who uploaded an album of songs online was not at first a major prob lem as it was easier to trace/locate the source since early networks were primitive and did not involve as many users. In 1999, a 19-year-old, Shawn Fanning, invented a program called Napster, which users could download and exchange musical recordings for free over the Internet.This program was considered a gateway to loss government enclose and launched multiple uniform uncontrolled networks. There have been many steps taken in response to Internet piracy, however, it seems as though most have been lackluster and are not sufficient to produce visible and significant results. The music industry has rancid to making formatting music files that can only be copied or reproduced in certain appointed circumstances like . m4p. This defensive technology sometimes takes away from a users numerate of legitimate uses and transfers, however it seems to be on the road to improving safe transfers.Unfortunately, with each announcement of new protective software, a counter program almost inst antly is created, matched, and supported through counter hacking technology that makes files available to these large copying networks. Any person with knowledgeable code in computers is capable of decoding these files. This desire to liberate files by many hackers is only a sign to show that the industry should be developing ways to work with the technology and not against it. The Recording Industry Association of America late filed lawsuits against four college students, running ftp servers on campus networks.A federal judge in California settled the case quickly, and despite the fact that the students never actually accepted responsibility, they settled to pay $12,000 to $17,500 in fines. A case that ended without a clearly defined verdict proves that it is difficult to have a true scapegoat for responsibility of piracy violations and copyright infringement. The internet is like one gigantic copying machine, says David Nimmer, a lawyer who spends most of his time with disputes in Intellectual property. erst on the internet, copying becomes effortless, costless, widespread, and immediate. Nimmer is an experienced lawyer who is surface aware of the easy access to the copied files and has trouble himself challenging illegality in certain situations. Copyright law does not make a distinction between public use and private use, such as get a book from a store like Borders, versus borrowing it from a library and copying. More belatedly the United States congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which updated copyright laws to include these widespread international servers and allow the set up of a system to control the Internet. Unfortunately, only 22 countries are on oard for the verification process and make it increasingly difficult for any visible change. Many countries consider these laws would impede on the freedom of the Internet in its original creation, if forced under a universal control involving the U. S. However, at this point copy right-based industries generate more revenues internationally than any other U. S. industry, more than the aircraft, agriculture, and automobile industries. Without global support, a server can be created in any country to house large FTP sites, like Kazaa which is has a large base in Singapore.For an artist, the main purpose of a copyright is to protect. A absolute majority of artists feel that the free song-sharing epidemic is affecting their careers and profits as artists. Many artists and songwriters who write original music and have only the music to directly profit from. Downloading off these sites affects them negatively specifically songwriters, record labels, producers, managers, and any others involved in production of music, who cannot rely on performance profits. Artists can sell and profit off merchandise, whereas songwriters lack that ability.Generally the belief is that the pirating music solely affects the artists, when in reality it affects the industry as a whole, including all the people who have jobs connected to these artists. The process in which a record company gains complete control of a band has shortened the length of an artists career, again ultimately hurting economy. medicinal drug industry should try and not dishearten online music consumers that promote artists, but rather develop new ways to work with the evolving technology.Software companies make money through businesses, because instead of copying a CD, a business must register each computer or client separately so that each has its own separate license. It is suggested that despite counter acting efforts, 90% of all computer software is counterfeit similar to most music. There are many solutions to existing problems involving copyright infringement and illegal piracy of music. notwithstanding these problems I do not support the copyright laws full intention and I feel that there is a need for reform of distribution.Interesting enough, it is assumed that the issue is clea r and obvious to all people who steal music. While the music industry does see music sharing as piracy, the youth majority does not see this topic on quite the same black and white level. The record companys actual costs are low, and yet a CDs cost to a consumer is not. The reason out of the average teenager is that why would they want to spend $20 on a CD with one good song on it, $200 dollars on software that they must have for academic requirement, when they can upload it for free.Lack of communication in a time where everyone is connected seems like a waste and hinder to new advancing technology. Piracy is not right, and a corrective measure can only come from recognizing that the problem originates from not recognizing more than just the new ease of file transfer. Piracy is of course a wide addressing issue, including a rapidly increasing amount of people from a conglomeration of age groups. There needs to be a redistribution of wealth within in the music industry and softwar e industries. Once issues like these are addressed, a solution can be found.

Gift of Magi Analysis Essay

The short story The Gift of the Magi uses elements from How to Read Literature Like a Professor in chapter 7 called Or the Bible. The short story includes biblical abduces concerning the main theme of sacrifice and the gifts from the heart. The story alike includes references to people from the Christian bible.Starting off with the title they even use a biblical reference with the Magi. The Bible is full of possible titles, from how to read literature like a professor. The Magi were in the New testament and they were the wise men from the East who brought gifts to baby Jesus on the first Christmas. Christmas, which is a big variance of the story, is also a biblical reference to the Christian religion. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they argon wisest. E actuallywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.Its said in the story that Dellas hair would envy the Queen of Sheba. It also says that Jims watch would envy King Solomon. The Queen of Sheba and King Solomon both(pre nominal) are famous figures from the Old Testament.Queen of Sheba and King Solomon are both known to be very rich. The comparison of Dellas hair and Jims watch to Queen of Sheba and King Solomon shows how important and precious those items are to Della and Jim.The story is also biblically related because Della and Jim give up the one of the most important things to them to buy presents for separately other. That shows how much they love each other. This story also represents sacrifice. Instead the story resonates with the richness of distant antecedes, with the designer of accumulated myth.

Analysis of Godfather Death

Analysis of Godfather Death Abstract Godfather Death as told by Margaret Taylor is a short story about how fate is predetermined, and can non be interfered with without consequences to another. Treatment Characters Man, God, Devil, Death, boy/Physician, King, Kings Daughter. stage setting The Great Highway, Forest, Kings Castle, Underground Cave Time Lifespan of Boy Plot (4 Parts) A Man latterly has his thirteenth child and goes in search of a godfather. He first comes across God, who promises to keep his intelligence happy.The man denies God because he believes him to be unfair. He thence comes across the Devil, who promises to bring his son jubilate and riches, but the man is aware of his corruptions and finds him unsuitable as well. Lastly, the man is approached by Death. Death declares that he makes all in all men equal, and can make his son rich and famous. The Man takes Death as his sons godfather. After the Boy had gr profess Death, brought him to a forest to give him a gift. He told the Boy that he would become a famous physician, but only with his help.He told him he would appear at either the head or institution of the patients bed to indicate whether they were to die or to be healed of all ailments with a special rig found in the forest. Then Death warned the boy not to disobey his orders, or death would be his own fate. The Boy became the most famous physician in the world and was sent for when the King shake off ill. Death stood by the Kings feet to indicate he should die but the Physician disobeyed his orders and saved the King with the plant.Death was abominably angered by this and later approached him to scorn his actions and threaten his life if he again disobeyed him. The Kings Daughter then became sick. The Physician was called and found her beauty so intriguing that he again disobeyed his godfather to save her. Death grabbed the Physician, howler that he had had enough of him, and dragged him underground. There were thousands of w ax lights everywhere that were constantly going out and sparking back up. Death excellent to the Physician that each candle represented a persons lifespan, and the Physician asked to see his own candle.His candle was near its break off and he begged his godfather to light a new candle for his life. Death explained that peerless life must go out for another to begin. The Physician asked for him to then put his old candle on top of a new one to continue his flame of life. Death pretended to do as the Physician asked, but purposefully drops the small candle and the fire is snuffed. The Physician instantly collapses into the pass of Death. Evaluation This is a complicated short story that involves many characters in the beginning but end with only two.The story is in 4 parts, told first in the view of the boys father, and then by the boys godfather, Death. It has a literal ending, the boy dies in the hands of Death. The lesson to be learned by this story is that we are not to interf ere with the balance of nature or operose consequences arising. The story is reported by Margaret Taylor, the boys father, Death, and the Physician. Conclusion Everything in nature must be balanced. If we disturb this balance then in that location will be severe consequences.This is told through interfering with others fate in this story, but can be seen in other scenarios as well. In our ecosystem, changing even one small part of demographic region can sustain a great threat. When the Chinese farmers shot down all of the red sparrows, who they had thought been eating their crops, there was no defense left to eat the locusts who were the actual ones eating the crops. The locusts multiplied without any predators and demolished field of crop all across the country. In conclusion, changing the balance of nature can have unhealthful implications for all.

Nissan Corp Swot Essay

world(a) mutualness achievable new foodstuffsG all overnment regulations ab way in opposite countries as well as US and the US spheric warf areming, CAFE standards, natural rubber issues Growth of existing securities industry widen market natural entrants affright of potential inclusive of generation X,Y and baby boomersnew competitors Strong rescue economy not hesitationChanging market tastes need for consumers quiet buyingcontinuous innovation to appeal to ifferent pieces Nissans reputation leads the laborShortage of resources workforce in reliability, per puddleance, and design dissatisfaction, hiring good talent Emerging technologies innovative finished the development of technologies for improving give the axe economy and reducing fuel emissions Introduction This Case Paper impart examine accessible information just about Nissan Corporation and determine its position in the world market through a clientele organise depth psychology (Strengths, Weaknesses, O pportunities, and Threats).Through this analysis, we hope to see where the Nissan has been and make suggestions as to where the corporation should go to emend their layer line, increase market sh ar, and device for in store(predicate) products to ensure their viability in the world simple machinemobile marketplace. Market analytic thinking Nissans focus in establishing a multi-cultural comp whatsoever begins with acquireing globose market sh ar. The companionship has well-read from past mistakes and is determined to succeed, developing a common vision and a world(prenominal) ompany culture that bequeath need to be a main(prenominal) device driver for continued attitude (Associated Press, pgs. 1-8). For instance, establishing a brand mark and personality that is sensitive to nationalistic cultures. Strategic alliances and joint ventures are puzzleing in importance in the automobile diligence and Nissan is no stranger to the competition. Nissans mission statement deli vered by Mr. Ghosn in the self-propel guide News reality Congress in 2001, is evidenced in how the company exploits synergies to create positive alliances with other(a) manufacturers (Ibid).For example, Nissans annunciation to venture with Ashok Leyland to build small trucks and other light commercialized fomites in India gives them an prospect to enter a market that in recent eld has been dominated by its competitors, Toyota and Honda. This venture will produce at least 100,000 vehicles annually for sale in India and for export, as it will facilitate the saying of a be near the southern Indian city of Chennai to manufacture and export compact autos to Europe.The trade with Ashok Leyland will broaden Nissan coverage in the Indian market in addition to providing new LCV (lightweight commercial vehicle) products for emerging markets which will sell for around $3,000. 00. Ashok Leylands strengths in large and mid-sized trucks combined with Nissans strength in smaller vehicles creates a positive synergy (Ibid). correspond to Mr. Ghosn, partnering globally is an opportunity and the Chinese market is no exception. China is Nissans third largest single market, after North America and Japan. Vehicle outturn has causen over the past ten years.However, the major source of growth has been the production of passenger cars (The ancestry Review, pg. 7). Passenger car production has doub direct in the past ten years. This shift is in receipt to a heighten in market conditions and in a desire for Chinese manufacturers to enter the global auto passenger car market. Consumer demand is in like manner change magnitude and in couch to satisfy this demand, auto production has been increasing. The demand for autos is give birthed to continue (Ibid). According to the Wall Street Journal, the car craze in China has just begun.There are dickens factors that create possible opportunities for Nissan 1) the country has the worlds largest race and as incomes rise, s o will the hopes of buying an auto some day. 2) the market whitethorn grow to 8 million vehicle sales annually by 2010. Nissans new line of cars in China will be designed and locomotive engineered in Japan, based on a common B platform shared with Renault that centers on smaller engines. Annual sales of the entire family of cars are expected to legislate 200,000 units globally and will be launched in other markets over the next couple of years (Financial Times, pg. ). However, the panic of inadequate roads and the governments changes in regulating how autos are purchased will make the be unpredictable. On a financial scale, the banks are chthonian pressure to control credit, so auto loans may not be easy to acquire. North America accounts for nearly 40% of Nissans global sales, and in each of the past years sales h centenarian exceeded those in Japan, with the gap widening each year. Nissan is spending several billion dollars on new exemplars, and the U. S. assembly plant in Canton, MS is aimed at maintaining neural impulse (Wards Auto World, pg. 1).The well-nigh signifi discountt automotive development in North America is move growth in the luxury segment and the increasing popularity of cross/utility vehicles. Nissan is on track to reconstruct its image and regain brand value. In the past, customer satisfaction was good, but the impersonate lineup was limited. Now, with the Q45, M45, G35 pothouse and coupe and the FX models, the market has begun to make love that Infiniti provides a range of real luxury models (Ibid). According to Bloomberg, Honda Motor Co. and Nissan Motor Co. led Asian automakers U. S. sales gains in September as Toyota Motor Corp. posted a third dead on target decline.Accord helped boost sales by 9. 4 percent. Toyotas 4. 4 percent drop label the offset printing time since 1995 that Japans largest automaker logged three consecutive months of minusculeer U. S. sales. Sales of the quintette year-old Corolla model, Toyotas second-most popular in the U. S. , dropped 8. 5 percent and demand for the companys light trucks declined amid boost gasoline monetary values. Industrywide U. S. sales fell for a fourth consecutive month, by 2. 9 percent to 1. 31 million light vehicles (Bloomberg. com, pgs. 1-3). Toyotas old models like the Corolla are dragging down while Honda and Nissan have brand-new models.Nissan reported a 6. 7 percent increase in sales (Ibid). Nissan, sixth in the U. S. , sell 94,269 vehicles, helped by utmoster demand for midsize Altima and Versa compact cars. Nissans market share edged up 0. 7 percentage point to 7. 2 percent. The Japanese are becoming more than aggressive in terms of incentives and pricing, which makes them more competitive against South Koreas largest automaker. The company faces tough competition from Japanese and Korean auto makers like Toyota, Honda and Mitsubishi, which are rapidly gaining ground in the European markets.Asian manufacturers are chronic to fortify th eir position in the crucial North American and European market. It can also expect stiff competition from Toyota and BMW (Ibid). Nissan believes that growing the business fashion introducing new products and has created the Nissan Revival Plan to realign their represent structure. Significant amounts of money are caperneled back into product development, mostly going towards the North American market. This means there are opportunities for new innovations that will bring the company in line with a riffle of vehicles that are catamenialy on the road.Its R&D represents in FY 2006/2007 stood at JFY 464,839 million, an increase of 3. 9% when compared to JFY 447,582 million in FY 2005/2006. The company increase its investment on R&D activities to launch a host of new products throughout the year (Ibid). In 2007, Nissan launched a new version of its minicar, namely, Pino E, which is a 2WD model and equipped with a three-speed automotive transmission. It is claimed to offer a fuel ec onomy of 21. 0 km/1. Furthermore, the model is projected safe and environmentally friendly, as it features anti-lock braking system (ABS), brake assist (BA) and electronic braking force distribution (EBD) systems.It is low emitting, complying with the 2005 emissions regulations in Japan. In March 2007, the company also developed a new engine applied science that helps balance between responsiveness and fuel efficiency, high major power and low emissions (Ibid). Today, Nissan stands behind its offerings that recreationdamentals of the business are strong, products are seduceive to customers, and the company is poised for sustained, paid growth. Environmental C formerlyrns In researching the issues of automakers in regards to the environment, galore(postnominal) nations as stated in The Wall Street Journal, are concerned about climate change and energy security.One of the most primal issues all automakers are faced with on a global scale is the reduction of emissions, more spe cifically carbon dioxide or carbonic acid gas. Concerns for the future tense in the minds of the majority are setting new goals for automakers of vehicles with internal combustion engines to become more efficient if they are to remain profitable or even in existence, which is further backed by a global treaty cognise as the Kyoto protocol (Wall Street Journal). In the protocols drafting of new rules they are intend to cap emissions of CO2, the gas widely blamed for global warming can potentially pose a major threat.According to scientists, it is reported that the rise in the earths average atmospheric temperature is generally due to this major contributor CO2 which will bring changes to the global environment, and therefore affect our fooling lives (Ibid). According to the Wall Street Journal, a debate is raging in the US over how much(prenominal)(prenominal) time automakers in truth need to boost fuel economy, and whether setting stringent targets will compromise safety by e ncouraging car makers to use lighter materials. Additionally, the US has not adopted the Kyota protocol and is under less pressure to quail CO2 emissions as they are in Europe.Therefore, Nissans global puffiness puts the auto manufacturer in an opportunity position by making concentrated efforts in advanced technology to sink carbon dioxide emissions at every stage of the vehicles life cycle and their merged activities, from manufacturing and fare to use of Nissans vehicles by its consumers. Nissan, currently the third largest automaker out of Japan has opportunity to grow stronger from the threats of one and 2 automakers Toyota and Honda individually, who lead the market in preference fuel development (Wall Street Journal).According to Nissans Green Program, it is Nissans view that internal combustion engines will continue to be the main power source of vehicles globally in the years ahead. Therefore, Nissan therefore takes a stance of reducing CO2 emissions through the de velopment and widespread adoption of advanced technologies for improving the fuel economy of gasoline engine vehicles. Currently in the works for Nissan is the development of sightlyer diesel engine vehicles that run on biofuels do from plants and other reusable sources (Ibid).Nissan estimates that over half of the vehicles they sell by 2050 will need to be electrically powered if they are to reach their long term goal of reducing CO2 emissions. Nissans threat has been its major competitors in developing crisscross electric vehicles, fuel carrell vehicles and electrical vehicles. Other companies such as Toyota are setting the bar in alternative fuel sources which makes them a profitable industry attractor with the obvious threats of gas prices that change virtually on a daily basis (Ibid). Nissan invoice and InnovationNissan Motors history dates back to the 1930s when Jidosha Seizo Co Ltd was established in 1933 in Yokohoma City, Japan. Its beginnings as a munitions company wa s short lived when the company was renamed to Nissan Heavy Industry Co Ltd and introduced the first Datsun, manufactured after World War II. After the company began exporting the cars to the US in 1958, it gained popularity due to its small size and high fuel efficiency. Subsequently, in 1980, Nissan Motor established Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corp. USA to strengthen its market potential in North America (ABI/INFORM Global pg. 1).Today, Nissan supplies a widespread customer base classified crossways regions, namely, Japan, the US, Asia, Europe and General Overseas Market, which includes Mexico and Canada. This market includes 150 dealers and 2,500 outlets worldwide (Ibid). This is the age of globalization and the worldwide interdependence of resource supplies, product markets, and business competition. Nissan has succeeded in meeting its challenges due to its focus in valuing diversity twain in its workforce and through understanding customer needs. This is evident in how the co mpany plans ahead and is ceaselessly looking for new ways to improve current performance.For instance, the company knowledgeable from past mistakes failure to recognize changing customer focus in non-growth sectors, and organism competitively focused rather than market focused. Also, finding the right people and the right plan to maximize growth is key (Nissan News, pg. 8). Shiro Nakamura Nissans automotive condition is k promptlyn as The man behind the Nisan Look and has developed some up-to-date, eye-catching designs that have no resemblance to the old models, and the company is optimistic that sales will increase once the current plan to launch 28 new cars during fiscal year 2008.Most of the changes are defined to the upper personify and adjusted to make it more like the Altima (Business Week, pg. 1). Nissans innovations stem from producing a product that their customers want. Their philosophy is that place in a product that will bring value and satisfaction to its customer s will build allegiance as well as expand that market base. Nissans models include Maxima and Sentra cars, Altima and upscale sedans, Frontier pickups, the 350Z touts car, and Xterra and lookout SUVs.In 1999 French automaker Renault took a 37% stake in Nissan, and installed president and CEO Carlos Ghosn (nicknamed Le Cost Killer based on his talent for turning red ink black) who has since returned the company to profitability. Renault now owns almost 45% of Nissan. According to Hoovers, Nissan fiscal year end sales in March were in millions, $80,583. 7. Net income in millions was $4,427. 8, and 1 year net income growth was 7. 0%. Their top competitors were General Motors, Honda, and Toyota (Hoovers. com, pg. -2) extension X consumers can identify with the sports world, ESPNs X Games. Games showcase the worlds most self-destructive events. The X generation is also playing a big role in the fashion world, frankincense the automotive industry has been one of the leaders driving th e X growing trend. Jaguars sack site prominently features a glowing X to promote the new Jaguar X-Type a car for a new generation. And Nissan has scored big with the model Nissan Xterra. This trend is enabling Nissan to tap into a pot of younger car buyers.The vehicle has attracted many new buyers, some of which have never purchased a Nissan before. The Xterra is aimed to attract 25 to 35 year old drivers. Marketing tactics fill viewers with scenes of athletes doing extreme open-air(prenominal) exercise, and pushing their SUVs to the extreme. Polls cited that men were most affected with the advertisement than women. 13% to 9%. According to the prolong polls, the ads scored highest among those 30 to 39 years old, which is right where the company was trying to segment. The 25 to 35 year old target market (USA Today, pg. 2-3).Baby Boomers on the other hand are most attracted to the Nissan Murano, or Nissan Bevel. Nissans long term vision for 2015 is that future vehicles will save l ives by installing a series of sensors that can detect sobriety of a driver and can immobilize the car. Other features include sensing operational changes, such as drifting out of a lane, at which time the system gliding system alerts the driver with voice message alerts and the seat belt is tightened. Nissan is currently testing an on-board breathalyzer and road sensors to help reduce accidents.Other plans to develop an Intelligent Transport System Project and road sensors will help reduce accidents (Nissan. com, pg. 1-2) The company understands the importance of agility in a dynamic 21st snow market and is continuously reinventing itself to stay ahead of the competition. Sometimes, this means taking risks. Most recently, the company made an announcement that it was moving its headquarters from California to Tennessee. The new facility will accommodate 1300 plus employees and favorable for business, not to mention contributing to the infrastructure and supporting the community with more jobs.Its inevitable that there could be some unforeseeable threats perhaps with current labor force. Some issues could be that they are not in agreement with the transfer and choose to leave the company, thus the need for new hires. Other potential threats are the risk of new competitors in the area, and developing a new sense for the new market. The California population may not have the same tastes and likes as the Tennessee population, thus Nissan could expend additional resources to substitute products and operate (Tennessean. om, pg. 1-4). A strategy for the future that Nissan could consider would be to offer a motorbike product. Exploring and pursuing this opportunity would allow them to remain competitive and also to offer products to meet different needs. Honda, BMW, and Suzuki, all of whom offer cars, trucks, and sport utility vehicles, Nissan too should visit the idea of offering a motorcycle. Over the years Nissan has developed prize products that are depend able, highly functional and desirable this being an value for Nissan.Along with remaining competitive, the high price of fuel recently would make a Nissan motorcycle more appealing. The motorcycle would alleviate fuel expenses and consumption. The Nissan motorcycle would also be appealing in geographic locations such as Japan, China and major cities in the United States that do not have the space on roads for larger vehicles. Nissan plans to offer a concept vehicle that resembles a car and a motorcycle. This vehicle is called Urge and offers state of the art dramatic play systems that allow the driver to use the gas and brake pedals to play.When considering the pricing of a Nissan motorcycle and remaining competitive, Nissan should consider that Honda and Suzuki offer motorcycles at reasonably grantable prices. Suzuki offers several types of motorcycles to include cruisers, motocross, and sport bikes all at bonny prices ranging from $6,000. 00 to under $10,000. Honda also offers cruisers, motocross, and sport bikes. Honda motorcycles range from $3,000 to $13,000. In ramble to lure prospective buyers into purchasing a Nissan motorcycle, Nissan should strive to offer its motorcycles at reasonable prices, equal to Suzuki and Honda.The price range for motorcycles made by BMW is slightly higher starting at $8,000 to $15,000. BMW has offered a motorcycle since 1923. Its tenure along with the fact that consumers have learned to trust the German made motorcycle are what keep BMW competitive. Offering reasonably priced and desirable styles similar to BMW, Honda and Suzuki is a great opportunity that has not been approached by Nissan. The cruiser styles offered by Honda, Suzuki and BMW resemble that of a Harley Davidson motorcycle without the high cost.The market for Nissan motorcycles is positive with the increasing cost of fuel and the ages of future drivers. Most of the baby boomer generation have become accustomed to the quality of Nissan vehicles and would b e approaching retirement age in the next few years. Nissans release of motorcycles would segment the soon retired baby boomers as a fun and recreational of transportation. The Nissan motorcycle would also segment the new drivers of today which in a few years will be the young generation to market to.Nissan would have to be conscious of expenses in market and production of the motorcycle, a product never offered and could use the business model already established by its competitors offering both motorcycles and automobiles in the industry. According to Analysts, the economy is not faltering and people are still hopeful for the future. It is a race to the finish line, and who ever gets there first wins. It will be kindle to see how automobile manufacturers will implement new strategies (Economy Today, pg. 1) Nissan Technologies Past and FutureNew technologies were as important to Nissans past as they are to Nissans future. Nissan has always addressed environmental issues, including the development of clean power sources for vehicles and recycling of natural resources. Nissan has been able to release one new model after some other with fuel-efficient direct-injection gasoline engines and direct-injection diesel engines since 1997. This has led to the expanding application of the Hyper CVT (continuously variable transmission) , the Extroid CVT, the Tino Hybrid and the two-seater Hypermini electric vehicle in the early part of 2000 for efficient fuel economy (Nissan global. om). Nissans history goes back to an automobile mill started by Masujiro Hashimoto in 1911 called the Kwaishinsha Co. In 1914, a box-type small passenger car was completed and in the undermentioned year the car made its debut on the market under the name of Dat Car. other predecessor of Nissan was Jitsuyo Jidosha Co. , Ltd. , which imported machine tools and components from the U. S. , and was one of the most modern automobile factories of its time. Kwaishinsha Co. and Jitsuyo Jidohsa Co. merged in 1926 to form Dat Jidosha Seizo Co. , and two years later to the establishment of Nissan Motor Co. Ibid). In preparation for post war capital investment in Japan, Nissan developed two state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities leading to the advancement of motorization and increased traffic accidents and contributed to the problem of air pollution. Nissan developed its first Experimental base hit Vehicle (ESV) in 1971 and over the years created a reputation for ex cubicleence in engineering and advanced technology. Nissan has developed weight-reducing materials, engine charge systems for controlling combustion, and using CAD/CAM systems and industrial robots (Ibid).Recently, Nissan has also been localizing RD operations, which has now advanced decision-making through the regional headquarters in North America and Europe. Nissans local operations in their respective regions oversee product development, manufacturing, procurement, fund-raising and mutual complementation of p arts between companies (Ibid). Nissans Vision Nissan is developing corporate activities centered on automobile manufacturing based on their vision of enriching peoples lives. In order for cars, which provide mobility, to truly become reliable partners for our customers, a number of issues including global environmental issues, traffic accidents and over-crowding problems mustiness be tackled as part of a long-term vision (Nissan global. com). The global automotive industry is entering an era that will change almost every facet of the car in the future to come. Nissans global vision includes the pursuit of environmentally sustainable technologies creating one of the greatest engineering competitions in history that has the potential to deliver significant benefits to humanity (Ibid).To realize our vision, Nissan is developing technologies based on a framework called the Orchard concept. This concept allows Nissan to embrace technologies in a comprehensive manner (Nissan global. com ). In order to create a distinct value in order for customers to choose their cars, Nissan is likening its approach to the concern of a fruit orchard in which fruit is planted and raised. The process has three phases, one the draw Plan, two Seeding and Growth and three Soil Enrichment.The Harvest Plan takes into account social needs and market demands for the commercialization of technologies and the timing of releases. Seeding and Growth will implement strategies for the realization of the Harvest Plan and to formulate development of schemes. Lastly, Soil Enrichment will create value for the long term by researching reliability improvement and analysis technologies (Ibid). Some of the proposed solutions are more efficient fuel-cells for electric cars, bio-fuels, advanced diesel fuels or combinations of these solutions.However, the most impelling solutions will not be distinct by engineers. It will be decided by consumer demand, which is the most powerful force for global env ironmental progress. Every new car buyer in every country gets a vote by exercising their right to choose, thereby dictating both the pace of future change and its direction (Ibid). Nissans vision is to invest massively in R&D in pursuit of new technologies. This has not always been the case. Due to perilous financial decisions, in 1999 Nissan could not afford to invest in the core of its brand identity technological innovation.Today, Nissans R&D cipher is much healthier than the level of 1999 due to significantly increased efficiency of their R&D activities. This has led to an environmental blueprint known as Nissans Green Program 2010. Also taking advantage of the alliance with its parent company, Renault, Nissan is able to focus on specific promising technologies such as advanced lithium-ion batteries and other areas, such as clean diesels. Nissans vision includes the determination to be the leader in environmental progress.It is Nissans belief that motoring can be both green and fun allowing consumers to expect new technologies that will enhance dynamic performance (Ibid). Some of the latest technologies being embraced by Nissan are the X-Trail Fuel Cell Vehicle, Ultra-low Friction Diamond-like Carbon (DLC), the Super Motor, and the Compact Lithium-ion Battery. Nissan continues to raise the practicality of FCVs, which are being developed as the most eco-friendly vehicles. The X-Trail FCV provides increased cruising range. (Nissan global. com). The FCV also provides improved acceleration.The new model features a Nissan-developed fuel cell stack that is more efficient than the previous stack resulting in maximum power of 90 kw compared with 63 kw in the 2003 model. Ultra-low Friction Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) is Nano-technology based on ultra-low rubbing technology. Nissan has well reduced friction between engine parts by developing the first technology in the world to combine a hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating with special oil. Energy is lost due to friction that arises between the hundreds of parts that comprise an engine.This ultra-low friction technology uses nanotechnology in order to reduce friction by approximately 40% compared to conventional engines. The DLC works by use of a hydrogen-free DLC coating, improves binding with the engine oil, and results in the formation of a firm ultra-low friction film when special oil additives are added. It is now possible to reduce overall engine friction by 25% (Ibid). The Super Motor and Compact Batteries Nissan has one by one developed the Super Motor based on an all-new concept. One motor provides output through two shafts, enabling it to function as both a motor and a generator.This innovative technology has a wide range of potential applications (Nissan global. com). The Super Motor can dramatically reduce the size and improve the efficiency of the drive unit compared with the use of two conventional motors. Independent control of the power obtained from the two sh afts. The Super Motor has rotors positioned on both the inside and outside of one stator, enabling power to be delivered through two shafts by use of a new technology to apply compound current to the Stator coils (Nissan global. com).Nissan has succeeded in independently developing a laminated lithium-ion cell that displays an exceptionally high output characteristic. This cell is the result of many years of lithium-ion battery research that began in 1992. The laminated cell is featured from the 2003 model X-TRAIL FCV (Nissan global. com). The laminated cell design and high-power electrode technology improve power output by 1. 5 times and reduce the volume by more than half compared with the conventional cylindrical cell. The thin cell construction also enables a thin module design for a substantial improvement in battery ooling efficiency. repair the battery under the floor achieves compact and highly efficient vehicle packaging, including a low, flat floor, among other advantages . Compared with the cylindrical cell, the laminated cell has fewer components and is extremely compact and lightweight. Moreover, Nissan has succeeded in achieving higher power output through material improvements made to the lithium manganate positive electrode and the carbon negative electrode (Nissan global. com). Executive SummaryLike any other automobile manufacturer, to stay competitive in todays world markets, one must consistently innovate and stay one step ahead of the competition. In the past, automobile manufacturers have been first in presenting more fuel efficient vehicles, increased gasoline mileage rating through tree trunk redesign, and have introduced new safety features for the yearning public marketplace. Nissan current project in India is to try to regain market share from its competitors Toyota and Honda by creating Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) which are small cars that can be sold for around $3,000. 00.This innovative idea can create a brand new market seg ment of customers who could not, up until this point, afford to purchase and operate a vehicle. Along with being fuel efficient and maintaining competitive, Nissans offering a motorcycle would be an added strategy to pursue. Dealing with the myriad of different cultures across the existence is also a major focus of Nissans Chief Operating Office Carlos Ghosn who realizes that the creation of multi-cultural company can flourish and grow through exploiting it synergies, believes that feeding off each others strengths, and minimizing its weaknesses are key.Automobile manufacturers like Nissan can never be one size fits all, but they can certainly try to understand and adapt to different cultures to maximize desired commonalities and maximize profits. These days, partnering globally cannot be realized without including China. China is Nissans third largest single market (only after North America and Japan). Although vehicle production has significantly increased over the last ten years , passenger car production has actually doubled in the last ten years due to market conditions and Chinese automobile manufacturers ntering the car market. China has a great position in the future manufacturing of automobiles because of increased income and an already over-inflated population. However, threats of inadequate roadways, political regulations on how automobiles are purchased, and pressure on Chinese banks to control credit may temporarily soft the process. North America has captured 40% of Nissans global sales and has caused an ever-widening gap with Japanese sales which has been increasing each year. Nissan has recently spent several billion dollars on new models and a new U. S. ssembly plant in Mississippi to ensure that this momentum continues. Nissan believes that growing this business means introducing new products while realigning cost structures. Large sums of money are being placed back into product development most accommodate towards the North America mark et. Although the United States never signed onto the popular Kyoto protocol which planned to significantly reduce the amount of carbon emissions in the world, many other nations did because of the ever growing concerns of climate change on a global scale which many believe poses a worldwide threat.Nissan, however, has proactively realized this concern and has interpreted advantage of this opportunity by making concentrated efforts in advancing technology that reduces carbon dioxide emissions at every stage of the vehicles life cycle. Nissan is vigorously working on the creation of cleansing agent diesel engines that run on biofuels made from plants and other renewable sources. The threat to Nissan has been its competitors who are developing hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles.Toyota has lead this aspect of the automobile industry, and has been setting the bar in alternative fuel sources making them the very green and very profitable company that envisions change in the industry. Nissan began exporting cars to the U. S in 1958 and gained popularity because of its small size and great fuel efficiency. Today, Nissan has developed new eye-catching designs that do not resemble older models. Nissan is very optimistic that sales will increase significant once these 28 new models are launched during the 2008 year. But the look of new models alone isnt all Nissan is after.Safety features such as installing a series of sensors that can detect alcohol levels in the driver will alert the car to slow and/or become immobilized. Corporate agility is also a key factor as is shown when Nissan moved its headquarters from California to Tennessee, which accommodates over 1300 employees, supporting the community with more jobs, and reducing significant overhead. New technologies developed at Nissan have addressed environmental issues including clean power sources for its vehicles and recycling of natural resources.Nissan has envisioned that the future of their company will greater enrich peoples lives through global environment issues, and reducing traffic accident and congestion problems. Some of Nissans proposals include more efficient fuel-cells for electric vehicles, bio-fuels, and advanced diesel fuels. The most important facet that Nissan realizes is that effective solutions will be decided by consumer demand, not engineers. Nissan has constructed a Green Program 2010 which has become their environmental blueprint for success in the industry.