Physics Research Assignment Essay

presentationThe study of physics has had a largish impact on the information of way gum elastic. The study of Newtons Laws, zest and caprice help to wither sign momentum or decrease longing ( gait of change of momentum) to protect riders. Technological advances and studies of fomite crashes change magnitude the automobile industrys understanding of the forces involved and ways of cut effects of strikings. Within fomites, many motor rail street elevator car safety devices ar installed, such as foundation belts, air bags, crumple zones and toss rests.Modern road design gets the sign or rate of change of momentum and consequently the impact of collision through crash barriers, focal ratio zones and speed humps. car safety devicesSeatbeltsSeatbelts atomic number 18 designed so that passengers be preserveed instead of go along to move forward at the cars speed when the brakes of a moving vehicle argon applied. In this situation, there is a tendency for a embo dy to resist changes to its motion, called inaction. (Newtons depression law) The stopping force is applied to the a great deal durable parts of the body such as hips, chest and bring up. This is instead of the human being gunpoint crashing into windshield if no seat belt is worn. inertia reel seatbeltsInertia reel seatbelts have a piston chamber that stores extra belt fabric on a spool. The spool turns freely usually for movement. In the regulart of a sudden change in speed, a pendulum in the reel plunges forward to lock and obtain the occupant. It is named inertia reel due to the inertia of the pendulum to dumbfound belt locking.Different types of seatbeltThe launder seatbelt is tightened all everyplace the pelvis and absorbs force everywhere a sizeable atomic number 18a. However they do not disallow the head and swiftness body from lurching forward in repartee to deceleration and are inadequate peculiarly for drift passengers, who risk hitting the windscree n.The circumference sash seatbelt combines a lap seatbelt all all over the pelvis as strong as over one shoulder across the chest. This greatly dividing lines movement of the upper body and head as well as bedspreading the stopping force over a larger area.Shoulder harnesses restrain upper torso movement even further. Two are belts fall over the shoulders and an optional strap lies over the sternum. It is impelling in the way force is spread over both shoulders compared to one shoulder in lap sash. Shoulder harnesses are usually used in nestling restraint systems and racing cars.The nylon webbing material in seatbelts is slightly flexible so that the stop is not as abrupt.AirbagsAirbags countenance an extra degree of protection in a collision by buffer passengers in a collision, greatly pass fatalities and serious injury. They are designed to increase the time separation during which the drivers momentum decreases in a collision to decrease the net force of the driver. They have kittens when crash sensors detect large deceleration. Sensors thence ignite the sodium azide, producing sodium compounds and due north gas for a active explosion. The airbags lucubrate rapidly to cushion the impact of the passenger against the steering wheel, dashboard or windshield. Airbags are to be used with seatbelts, not as a replacement. A disadvantage of airbags is they tender no protection against side-on hits, only frontal collisions. More expensive cars are evolution side airbags to combat this.Head rests exaggerate headrests provide protection in butt joint end collisions. When a car is rear-ended, a large net force pushes the car and it accelerates forward. The inertia, based on Newtons first law, pushes the passenger into the seat. Without a head rest for support, the head remains at rest until the spine pulls it forward. This sudden, sharp speedup for the head causes it to fling back and leave alones in hyperextension and whiplash injuries.Crumple Zo nesMany cars are designed to crumple at the front and rear. Crumple zones increase the time interval during which the momentum of the car changes during a collision, thence lessening the forces. Newtons split second law (f=ma) can be applied, as increased ?time pull up stakes result in a decrease rate of deceleration a and consequently reduce force.Crumple zones are built employ the integration of steel and fiberglass in the front and rear end assemblies of the automobile. besotted structures between crumple zones protect the passenger compartment.In a collision, the crumple zones twist around to s start the actual impact. The car doesnt regain all its original energising null, as some of this is converted to vex and sound pushing to reduce terms to passenger area through small forces. As crumple zones are fit(p) in strategic locations, the collapse is controlled and energy from impact is directed away from passenger area. thoroughfare designSpeed humps and low speed zo nesLocal councils introduced Speed Humps to reduce the overall speed of cars. Evidence shows that drawn-out moving cars cause less revile to occupants if a crash results. It has been estimated that risk of finale or serious brain slander doubles with every 16km/h over 80km/h. Speed humps restrict drivers from speeding as hitting the hump too exuberant can cause car damage. broken speed zones also reduce the speed of cars. A reduction of speed will reduce the chance of an accident as drivers have more time to react as well as decreasing the change in momentum and associated inertial forces in collisions. The police enforces speed signs and limit zones and speeding is monitored by speed cameras. In NSW, the general urban limit is 60 km/h for roads in built up areas where there are pedestrians.Crash BarriersCrash barriers are road design features that absorb the impact of collisions. They are constructed out of steel, concrete or wire. near types of rigid crash barriers cannot ab sorb much of the kinetic energy of the vehicle, but hold the vehicle on the road and prevent crashing into more dangerous roadside hazards or cars from setback direction. Crash barriers should be comparatively weak with energy absorbing structures so that they can deform easily and transfer of training large amounts of kinetic energy to them in collisions. For barriers shielding against hazards such as trees, they fate to be a fair hold away, as space is needed for it to deform.When a vehicle collides, the barriers deform and stop the vehicle through a plowing action, care the reaction forces relatively low. The impulse (change in momentum) is reduced, as the vehicle takes longer to loosen up down.The disadvantage of crash barriers is they may cause vehicle damage (crumpling) and rigid ones may deflect a car into the opposite lane.The advance of road safetyThe armment of vehicles with greater size, power and momentum has resulted in the need for improvements in car safety d evices and modern road design. The study of physics has allowed safety features in both the midland and exterior of cars to prevent large forces performing on passengers in collisions. This is why researchers and engineers are continually turning to laws of physics for advice. Road design features reduce initial velocity to reduce the risk of accidents as well as its impact on the passenger. self-propelling safety companies are continuing to develop devices to improve vehicle safety, including inflatable seatbelts, 4-point seatbelts and stifle airbags to name a few. With the large fortune of the population driving forces, momentum, impulse and energy are all factors that must be controlled as our lives depend on it.